世界卫生组织《2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）2020年7月7日每日疫情报告》“焦点话题”

英文原文来源：世界卫生组织《2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）2020年7月7日每日疫情报告》，原文下载地址：https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200707-covid-19-sitrep-169.pdf?sfvrsn=c6c69c88_2

Subject in Focus: Developing trans-disciplinary science: infodemiology, the science behind infodemic management

焦点话题：发展跨学科科学——信息流行病学，管理信息流行病背后的科学

“We’re not just fighting an epidemic; we’re fighting an infodemic.”

        ——WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus at the Munich Security conference, 15 February 2020

“我们抗击的不只是流行病，我们还在抗击信息流行病。”

       ——世卫组织总干事谭德赛博士，2020年2月15日召开的慕尼黑安全会议上的讲话。

Addressing the infodemic, that is, an over-abundance of information on COVID-19 is a crucially important part of responding to the pandemic. On 7-8 April, the WHO Information Network for Epidemics (EPI-WIN) held a two- day, online global consultation to crowdsource ideas on infodemic management from an interdisciplinary group of experts and over 1 300 participants. The meeting produced a WHO framework for managing the COVID19 infodemic and 50 action points, and committed to a follow-up consultation to explore science and evidence for new infodemic interventions, gathering insights and approaches from as wide a range of relevant disciplines as possible.

       解决信息流行病（即关于COVID-19的信息过多）是应对大流行的一个至关重要的组成部分。4月7日至8日，世卫组织流行病信息网络(EPI-WIN)举行了为期两天的全球在线研讨会，征集了一个跨学科专家小组以及超过1300名研讨会参与者关于信息流行病管理的想法。会议制定了世卫组织用于管理COVID19信息流行病的框架以及50个行动要点，并承诺开展后续研讨会，以探讨新的信息流行病干预措施的科学依据和证据，并从尽可能广泛的相关学科中收集见解和方法。

This second scientific consultation opened with a public meeting on 29 June, followed by an invitation-only scientific conference and a series of remote consultations

and parallel discussions between expert teams that will run throughout July, ending with a public webinar on 21 July at which the findings of these discussions will be presented (register for the public webinar here).

       第二次科学研讨会于6月29日举行公开会议，随后召开非公开科学会议和各个专家小组之间进行一系列远程研讨会以及类似话题的讨论会，这些会议将在整个7月期间进行，并最终于7月21日举行公开网络研讨会，届时将介绍这些会议的成果

The public meeting generated record-breaking attendance: there were 7 862 total connections to the video conferencing platform on which it was held, with a further 3 300 views of the parallel livestream of the event— over 11 000 connections in total. 11 of the talks are available online, along with the programme and graphic summaries of talks.

       这次公开会议创造了破纪录的参会人数:总共有7862人连线到举行会议的视频会议平台，另外还有3300人观看了本次会议的网络直播——总共有超过11000人参与。目前已有11场讲座可以在线观看、首次全球信息流行病学大会会前会议、以及世卫组织首次信息流行病学会议相关摘要。

David Nabarro, WHO COVID-19 Special Envoy, set the tone, emphasizing the importance of empathy during health emergencies and stressing the need to understand individual and community perspectives, and to centre the outbreak and infodemic response on their needs.

       世卫组织2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)特使戴维·纳巴罗(David Nabarro)奠定了会议的基调，强调在突发卫生事件期间同理心的重要性，并强调了解个人和社区的观点的必要性，以及需要将应对疫情和信息流行病的工作重点放在他们的需求上。

Saad Omer of Yale University, USA, then highlighted the cognitive aspects of misinformation and what social science research tells us about the best approaches in a “fact-resistant world.”

       随后，美国耶鲁大学的萨阿德·奥默尔(Saad Omer)教授着重介绍了对错误信息的认知，以及社会科学研究告诉我们的在“抵制事实的世界”中最好的方法。

Rustam Haydarov, UNICEF Communication for Development Polio Lead, painted a picture of that resistance in real life, with the sobering example of a real-world infodemic catalysed by a fake video that devastated parents’ vaccine confidence in oral polio vaccine in Peshawar, Pakistan.

       联合国儿童基金会小儿麻痹症发展沟通的负责人鲁斯塔姆·海达洛夫(Rustam Haydarov)描述了现实生活中这种抵制事实的情况，并以巴基斯坦白沙瓦地区的一段假视频如何引发现实世界信息爆炸为例，该视频让人们对小儿麻痹症口服疫苗的信心大受打击。

Harry Sufehmi, founder of Mafindo, a hoax-busting civil society organization in Indonesia, gave an oral history of Mafindo’s 80 000-strong crowd-sourced efforts to fact check and push back against misinformatio.

       印尼反假新闻社会组织Mafindo的创始人哈里(Harry Sufehmi)，讲述了Mafindo的8万多名成员之前通过集体的努力进行事实核查并抗击错误信息的情况。

Claire Wardle of First Draft, an organization working to empower people with resilience against misinformation, provided practical tips on how to talk with family members and friends who spread misinformation: “don’t mute your uncles.”

       反对网络造谣组织“初稿”(First Draft) 致力于帮助人们抵抗错误信息，其执行董事克莱尔·沃德尔(Claire Wardle)提供了一些实用的建议，告诉人们如何与散布错误信息的家人和朋友进行沟通:“不要让你的叔叔闭嘴。”

In the final session, Catherine Gicheru reflected on Kenya’s COVID-19 infodemic, and how misinformation is only part of the problem: too much information of any kind, if not properly contextualized, can trigger frustration and confusion in the general public. Public trust is built on transparent communication and a media landscape that amplifies accurate information.

       在会议最后一个环节中，ICFJ肯尼亚奈特研究员凯瑟琳·吉鲁(Catherine Gicheru)谈到了肯尼亚COVID-19信息流行病的情况，以及错误信息为什么仅仅是问题的一部分——任何信息在没有适当的背景信息的情况下，一旦过多，都会引发公众的费解和困惑。公众信任是建立在透明的沟通和一个能够放大准确信息的传媒界的基础上。

Finally, Camille Francois discussed the development of an online “cartography” of the infodemic, attempting to understand the channels through which misinformation is spread, and how different social networks offer important clues for infodemic response planning.

       最后，卡米尔·弗朗索瓦（Camille Francois）讨论了信息流行病在线“制图”的发展情况，试图了解错误信息传播的渠道，以及不同的社交网络如何为应对信息流行病的计划提供重要的线索。

People joined the meeting from all around the world: in the online polls and Q&A sessions held in parallel with the talks, there were participants from every WHO region and 158 different countries and territories. There was broad professional representation as well, with respondents spread across a wide range of sectors—such participation was encouraging, given how many of the speakers emphasised the crucial importance of a multidisciplinary approach to infodemic response.

       本次会议的与会者来自世界各地：在与会议同时进行的网上调查问卷和问答环节，有来自世卫组织每个区域以及158个不同国家和地区的人参与其中。此外，还有广泛的专业代表，受访者分布于各行各业——鉴于有多位发言者都强调了多学科方法对于应对信息流行病的决定性作用，这样的参与令人鼓舞。

At the end of the pre-conference, poll results suggested that the consultation had increased listeners’knowledge of infodemic management.

       在会前会议结束时，民意调查结果表明，此次研讨会增加了听众对信息流行病管理的知识。